This review article by Cunha & Ward attempts to collate the current knowledge of the immune microenvironment relating to thyroid cancer, with specific relevance to those in clinical practice.

Thyroid cancer, in particular, is a shining example of why the immune system needs to be examined more closely, as it often presents with localised immune responses. Here, we are introduced to a complex cross-talk between cells from the immune and endocrine systems, suggesting numerous new avenues for therapeutic approaches to thyroid cancer treatment.

With a stark reminder that up to 30% of thyroid cancer cases move down unfavourable pathways during treatment, this review sheds light on new immunotherapies, with an eye on both preclinical and clinical settings, to help patients for years to come.

Read the full article in Endocrine-Related Cancer 29 R67–R83